Suchergebnisse

While interest towards Memory Studies has long been popular when it comes to studying cultural traditions and social groups, the field of science (scientific traditions) describes issues using the traditional language of history, philosophy and sociology of science. This happens despite Memory Studies potentially being a productive asset in this problem field. This paper brings together Memory Studies and R. Collins' sociology of philosophy, while presenting a new strategy for problematization based on the history of philosophy. Memory Studies and sociology of philosophies are presented as two complementary approaches that have interdisciplinary prospects for understanding the methodological problems of the humanities in general and philosophy in particular. The foundations of the approaches are analyzed, a comparative analysis is conducted of the conceptual apparatus, examples of explication of sociological tools in the field of current philosophical discussions are considered.
How does philosophy work with the past, how does the "past-present" dialectic unfold in the community of philosophers, how do mnemonic practices determine the lines of power in this field? How are "sacred texts" selected in academic communities, what role do mnemonic practices play when it comes to generational bonds? What sort of practices circulate in the community in terms of condemning or accepting figures from the past? All of these issues are analyzed in the study, based on the concepts of Memory Studies and sociology of philosophy while invoking the ideas of R. Collins' critics, as well as methodological historical and philosophical works. The approach offered by the author makes it possible to expand Memory Studies and sociology of philosophy into the field of history of philosophy and lay the foundations for such studies in the history, sociology and philosophy of science.

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the problem of memory in the philosophy of Karl Jaspers and Paul Ricœur. The author's thesis is the existen­tial philosophy of Jaspers was of decisive importance for the formation of Ricœur's memory discourse. The paper discusses the main dimensions of the problem of memory and guilt in Jaspers' philosophy, its central concepts in con­nection with the theme of guilt and self-consciousness, the early works of Ricœur, which directly refer to the existential project of the German philo­sopher, while attention is paid to the communicative history of philosophy and the doctrine of truth. Based on the results of a comparative study, it is con­cluded that an important metaphor for Ricœur's philosophy (as well as for Jaspers) is the metaphor of constant movement and path in communication, which turns into a discourse of memory as an emphasis on the need to under­standing work with the past, without which impossible the philosophical con­sciousness. Ricœur's memory discourse studies focus on the dialectic of memory and self-consciousness in situations of guilt and forgiveness. It is noted that Ricœur problematizes guilt in relation to the past in an existential sense as a borderline situation. For him, this is the problem of a person's treatment of himself, the constitution of his identity, his living as a person who can and wants something. The work of memory as the work of self-consciousness and the overcoming of guilt becomes the path to a moral society, as for Jaspers, it acts as the basis for communication and life in truth, communication of "care" for oneself and others.

The paper presents an attempt at analytical comprehension and emotional appraisal of the manipulative use of women who took part in the liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people against the Bolshevik system and got trapped by unintentional betrayal. As a result of the NKVD, USSR MSS, KGB's provocative special operations to destroy the nationalist underground, women underground fighters became unwilling traitors to their comrades and experienced not only the physical and moral torment of captivity, imprisonment, and exile but also the tragedy of personal devaluation and humiliation from recognizing the enemy's ability to confuse them and use them as a tool to destroy the underground organization. The issue of unintentional betrayal is considered not only as a personal tragedy of a woman victim of a totalitarian system but also in the context of the formation of distorted value foundations of Soviet society, incapable of tolerating otherness, aimed at destroying an independent human personality and turning her into a victim of the regime. It should be emphasized that the tradition of social life based on the principle of «victim-executioner», which has always been the basis of Russian culture and later became the principle of Soviet society, has fully manifested itself in Russia's current aggressive war against Ukraine. Ruscism has become the heir and direct successor, as well as a reflection of the hateful social order formed during Soviet totalitarianism, which leads to many personal tragedies.